2019年河南大学英语语法定语从句升级准备
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。
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由who引导的定语从句中，who用作主语。
这就是那个经常帮助我的男孩
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由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语。
你正在等的那个人已经回家了
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由whose引导的定语从句中，whose用作定语。
你认识那个穿白色裙子的女孩吗？
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由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语。
例如，有一个机器的房间是一个车间。我家前面的河很干净。这就是你想要的钢笔。
注意：
(1)whom,which用作介词宾语时，介词可放在whom、which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如：He is the very person whom we must take good care of.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：I have lostmy bag,which I like very much.(3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。
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由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语。
例如，我昨天买的那本书是鲁迅写的，你必须用它来指导下列情况下的定语从句。
(1)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。如：All that we have to do is to practise English.
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。如The first letter that I got from him will be kept.
(3)先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。如I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.
(4)先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时如：He is the only person that I want to talk with.
(5)先行词既有人又有物时。如:They talked about persons and things that they met.
(6)当句中已有who时，为避免重复。如：Who is the man that is giving us the class?
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由when,where,why引导的定语从句。
我不知道他迟到的原因这是我们住了五年的地方。我永远不会忘记我第一次见到李先生的那一天。注意：当先行词是一个地点时，如果该子句的谓语动词是及物动词，则使用that（which）。如果该子句的谓语动词是不及物动词，请使用where to guide。这就是他住了15年的房子。（他在那里住了15年。）
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限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,of which等，这些关系代词都不能省略。(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句，不影响主句意思的完整，一般用逗号把主句和从句分开，关系代词用which,不用that;指人时可用who。如：I have two brothers,who are both students.
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如何简化定语从句
（1）.定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。如:My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.→My grandfather lives in a village far away from here.我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村子。This is a book that is worth reading.→This is a book worth reading.这是一本值得看的书。
（2）定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.→The man standing under the tree is our English teacher.站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师。I saw the house that was burning at that time.→I saw the burning house at that time.当时我看到那房子在燃烧。
（3）定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Yimou.→I like to see the films directed by Zhang Yimou.我喜欢看张艺谋导演的电影。She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.→She is the girl praised at the school meeting.她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩。
（4）定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。He is always the first person that comes to school.→He is always the first person to come to school.他总是第一个到校。The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.→The report to be given tomorrow is important to us.明天要作的报告对我们很重要。
（5）定语从句简化为what从句。I couldn't remember the words that he said.→I couldn't remember what he said.我记不得他说的话。
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