动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为"to+动词原形",to为动词不定式的符号,本身无意义。
动词不定式具有两大特点:
1. 具有动词的特点,因此,后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语,构成动词不定式短语。
2. 具有名词、形容词或副词的特点,可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。下面以近几年全国部分省市的中考英语试题为例,对不定式的难点以及它在中考英语中的考查点,作一简要的总结和分析,供同学们学习时参考。
一、动词不定式作主语
1. Its our duty _________ the room every day.
A. to clean
B. cleaned
C. clean
D. cleans (甘肃省)
2. Its hard for us _________ English well.
A. learn
B. learns
C. to learn
D. learning (江西省)
3. 建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。
It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(北京市海淀区)
4. Its very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.
A. for, of
B. of, for
C. to, for
D. of, to (安徽省)
Keys: 1. A 2. C 3. take,to, build 4. B
[解析]动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置,也可以用先行词it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有:(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice, kind, clever, good, right, wrong, foolish, careless等形容词,与介词of搭配,这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;句式(4)中常用hard, difficult, easy, important等形容词,与介词for搭配,表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。
二、动词不定式作宾语
1. He wants ______ some vegetables.
A. buy
B. buying
C. to buy
D. buys (山西省)
2. Dont forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.
A. to bring
B. bringing
C. to take
D. taking (福建省)
3. He found it very difficult ______.
A. sleeping
B. sleeps
C. slept
D. to fall asleep (湖南省)
Keys: 1. C 2. A 3. D
[解析]在want, like, agree, hope, wish, learn, begin, start, seem, decide, hate, choose, forget, remember等动词后面,可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时,则可以用it作形式宾语,而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。
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