英语语法：过去将来时的含义及用法

一. 过去将来时的含义

表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句中。例如：

I didn’t know if he would come.我不知道他是否会来。

They never knew that population would become a big problem.他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。

She didn’t tell me where she would go.她没有告诉我她要去哪儿。

Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。

二. 过去将来时的结构及用法

1.“would+动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来。例如：

He said he would come to see me.他说他要来看我。

He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。

2.“was/ were+going to+动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如：

She said she was going to start off at once.她说她将立即出发。

I was told that he was going to return home.有人告诉我他准备回家。

此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看，很可能或即将发生的事情。例如：

It seemed as if it was going to rain.看来好像要下雨。

3. come， go， leave， arrive， start等瞬时动词动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。例如：

He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。

She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她要来看我。

4. 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：

The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn’t work hard.老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。

三. 过去将来时典型错误例析

1. 我们不知道他是否要在会上发言。

误：We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.

正：We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.

析：该句主句为过去时，且宾语从句表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作，所以从句要用过去将来时态。

2. 老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。

误：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.

正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.

析：在时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。

3. 他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去农场。

误：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.

正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.

析：在条件状语从句中，也常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。

4. 王林打电话告诉她妈妈，她要买一些书。

误：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.

正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.

析：过去将来时可以由“助动词should/would+动词原形”构成，但should一般只用于第一人称。而would可用于各种人称。

四、练习及答案

【典型考例】（2019江苏无锡）--–Uncle Sam said he ____________ my birthday party, but he never showed up.--- That’s Uncle Sam. He forgets everything!A. will attendB. would attendC. has attendedD. had attended
【析】正确答案是B。句意是：山姆大叔说，他要来参加我的生日聚会，可是他却没有露面。山姆大叔就是那样的。他忘记啦！因为主句谓语动词为一般过去时said，所以，宾语从句表示的是过去将要发生的动作，因此从句的谓语动词使用过去将来时“would+动词原形或was/were going to +动词原形”，所以，正确答案为B。

【强化练习】

一、用所给动词的正确形式，完成句子，使句子意思完整。1. Miss Zhang said she ________(visit) the Great Wall next summer.2. She told him that she ________(not stay) here for long.3. I wasn’t sure whether Lucy_______(come) the next year.4. The scientists said the world’s population _______ (slow) down in future.5. She said the bus _______(leave) at five the next morning.6. I wasn't sure whether he _______(lend) me his book the next morning.7. He was fifty-six. In two years he _______(be) fifty-eight.8. Whenever she has time, she ______(help) them in their work.
二、单项选择

1. Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D. will be; come
2. Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.A. spent B. would spent C. was going to spent D. would spend
3. —What did your son say in the letter?—He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day.A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit
4. I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A. to come B. is coming C. will come D. was coming
5. Father said that he ______ me to Beijing the next year.A. took B. would take C. takes D. will take
6. We were not sure whether they ______ more vegetables.A. are going to grow B. were going to grow C. will grow D. have grown
7. She ______ to work when the telephone rang.A. is going B. will go C. was about to go D. is to go
三、根据要求完成句子1. she is going to practise the piano this Sunday. She said.（合并为一句） She said that she _______ _______ _______ ______ the piano that Sunday.
答案：

一、1. would visit

2. would not stay

3. would come

4. would slow

5. was leaving

6. would lend

7. would be

8. would help；

二、1---5CDDDB;

6--7 BC

三、1.was going to practise